Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation: A Vital Resource for Women Undergoing Cancer Treatment

Oncological therapies, which are essential for fighting cancer, can have significant consequences on the pelvic health of women of all ages.

Induced menopause, for example, is a condition that can affect even young women due to hormonal therapies or aggressive treatments. The symptoms, similar to those of natural menopause, include vaginal dryness, hot flashes, reduced tissue elasticity, and pain during intercourse. These symptoms strongly impact not only the overall quality of life but also intimate and relational well-being.

Cancer treatments can also cause:

• Incontinence
• Constipation
• Sexual dysfunctions
• Chronic pain
• Postural difficulties

These effects do not only impact physical health but can also undermine emotional security and the relationship with one’s own body.

Pelvic floor rehabilitation is a therapeutic approach aimed at restoring the functionality of the affected area and reducing discomfort in daily life. The rehabilitation program is tailored to each woman’s specific needs and age. The requirements of a young woman experiencing cancer-induced menopause will differ from those of a more mature woman.

Each patient receives a personalized rehabilitation plan, taking into account their medical history, specific life stage, and symptoms:

• For younger patients, the focus is on restoring sexual function and managing cancer-induced menopause.
• For more mature patients, the emphasis may be on improving continence and postural stability.

For women who have undergone cancer treatments, pelvic floor rehabilitation involves physiotherapy techniques and practices that act on muscles, scar tissues, and neuromuscular structures. The most commonly used techniques include:

• Muscle contraction and relaxation exercises: These are personalized and gradually performed to strengthen or relax the pelvic floor muscles, promoting muscle recovery.
• Biofeedback: Using sensors to monitor muscle contractions, this technique helps increase awareness of the pelvic floor and improve muscle control.
• Manual therapy and myofascial massage: Helps to release adhesions and scar tissues caused by surgery or radiotherapy, reducing pain and improving tissue elasticity.
• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (if approved by the oncologist): Used to activate pelvic muscles and restore muscle tone, particularly in cases where the muscles are difficult to engage after intensive treatments.
• Relaxation and breathing techniques: Integrated into the rehabilitation program, these techniques help manage pain and muscle tension, supporting full recovery and reducing pelvic pain associated with cancer therapies.

Pelvic floor rehabilitation is a fundamental resource for women who have undergone cancer treatments. Restoring pelvic functionality and regaining well-being is not just an option—it is every woman’s right. This journey provides an opportunity to improve quality of life at any age and at any stage of recovery.