Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
What is it?
It is a genetic disorder characterized by some defects in the synthesis of proteins (e.g. filaggrin) and essential fatty acids necessary for the integrity of the skin barrier, protecting it from attack by bacteria, irritants and allergens (e.g. mites).
Atopic dermatitis usually appears during the first year of life and affects about 5% of children. During adolescence, it tends to heal, although sometimes it does not completely regress. The disease can recur in adulthood, especially during periods of particular stress. In many cases, atopic dermatitis is associated with other allergic diseases such as rhinitis and bronchial asthma, food allergies.
Which are the symptoms?
The skin is red, severely itchy and eczematous, characterized by noticeable dryness, flaking and thickening.
In children, lesions are usually localized on the scalp, cheeks, skin folds (elbows and knees), buttocks.
Atopic dermatitis is often associated with food allergies, asthma, and allergic rhinitis (especially mites).
How is it treated?
In the acute phase, topical medications are used, mainly corticosteroids and emollient ointments. If food allergy has been demonstrated, irritating foods should be avoided.
In cases where sensitization to mites or pollen has been documented, treatment with specific immunotherapy is indicated.
Where do we treat it?
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